+All Educate

Research supports the use of lemon balm as a daily tonic for a range of ailments, including digestive issues and anxiety, writes Phil Rasmussen, medical herbalist and pharmacist 

This article, by Alex Bartle, a former GP and Auckland-based director of Sleep Well Clinic, reviews the common and not so common causes of sleep deprivation

This article, by Hayden McRobbie and John McMenamin, summarises strategies and tools that can be used to help people stop smoking

Pharmacist and medical herbalist Phil Rasmussen looks at recent studies supporting the use of valerian to prevent cognitive decline, plus early studies looking at treating depression and headaches

Endocrinologist Rinki Murphy reviews how to utilise the benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, including how to start them, alongside usual management strategies for type 2 diabetes

Suzanne Davis and Elizabeth Walker discuss the diagnosis and classification of epilepsy syndromes, and the indications and adverse effects of anti-seizure medications. They also review self-management and lifestyle issues for people with epilepsy

All medicines containing codeine were reclassified as prescription medicines on 5 November 2020. Clinical advisory pharmacists Linda Bryant and John Dunlop discuss reasons for this decision and provide tips for pharmacists to help patients with the transition

This article, by consultant neurologist John Mottershead, looks briefly at the aetiology, pathophysiology and diagnosis of multiple sclerosis before exploring the approaches for treating relapses and symptoms of MS. It also discusses current disease-modifying treatments in detail

Consultant paediatrician Rebecca Hayman and house officer Melissa Hassan describe how you can help children and their whānau manage constipation, a common and challenging problem 

This article, written by specialist dermatologist Louise Reiche, aims to help pharmacists better understand the pathogenesis of psoriasis, feel confident about the available treatment options and provide the best advice to patients